Lack of investment By the MDCs continues to keep these countries in poverty Answer: Migration is often tied to political issues such as nationalism, citizenship, and border control, as governments may seek to regulate or limit migration flows. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Example: making clothes, The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. e. demand curve This is because the primary objective is to make money from that resource, rather than focusing on ways to improve development. It can show countries that may have rising economies or those which are becoming more industrialised. People may be pulled to a HIC country, as there are more economic or educational opportunities. E) Analyze the relationship between urbanization and globalization, providing at least one example of how globalization has influenced urbanization patterns. 5) Maturity stage Maturity - Perfection? High school APUSH teacher with much in-class and online teaching experience. Example: use this on car production, The idea that there's a core and periphery for the countries of the world. The SDGs are relevant to all countries and are intended to guide global development efforts towards a more sustainable and equitable future. Answer: Gerrymandering is the process of manipulating the boundaries of electoral districts to benefit a particular political party or group. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Scoring Guidelines Question 1: No stimulus In most countries, the concept of the state as a political unit is subject to the tensions between centrifugal and centripetal forces. Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography that studies spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, and their interactions with the environment, examples of which is studied in schools are urban sprawl, urban redevelopment etc. 1) Traditional society - Based on subsistence farming, fishing, forestry, and some mining Neocolonialism is a term used to describe the continuing economic and political control of a country by a more powerful outside force, even after the formal end of colonialism. In the poorest parts of the world the vast majority of the population is engaged in primary economic activities like farming, fishing, hunting, and mining. AP Human Geography - 1 Name_____ Rubenstein's The Cultural Landscape Chapter 1: Thinking Geographically Introduction to Note Packets Reading the textbook and taking notes while reading are NECESSARY steps in processing and . Sustainable Development Goals The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all. The second sentence says that the people that buy these goods, also known as consumers, buy goods/services that they need and want. endstream endobj 439 0 obj <>>>/EncryptMetadata false/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(Q.`;RvqL)/P -1324/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(VpKS% )/V 4>> endobj 440 0 obj <>>>/Lang(|VZT;p&p I]$y|k)/MarkInfo 463 0 R/Metadata 41 0 R/OpenAction 441 0 R/Outlines 60 0 R/Pages 436 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 441 0 obj <> endobj 442 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Thumb 34 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 443 0 obj <>stream Examples of centrifugal and centripetal force are found in religion, language, ethnic culture, government, and physical geography. example, "Population") was also useful for answering the question, especially in parts B and C. Sample: 3A Score: 6 This allows the car manufacturer to reduce the amount of storage space and capital that it needs to hold inventory, and also reduces the risk of parts becoming obsolete or damaged while in storage. - Added later to the model. Development levels differ all around the world, and development can take place at different speeds. The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year. the facilities which provide the essential framework for industry e.g. g. Law of Demand Post-Fordist production is a term used to describe the shift away from mass production and towards more flexible, customized, and knowledge-intensive forms of production. #1-73: Read Chapter 1 (pg. Example: Help keep trade between Mexico and the US. One historical example of a factor that contributed to population growth is the Industrial Revolution, which led to improvements in public health and increased life expectancy, leading to a population boom. It ultimately undermined local economies and political stability as villages' vital labour was shipped overseas preventing an agricultural revolution. Required: 1. D) Describe two environmental consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. These can also be used to compare countries with each other. The amount of wealth or goods that people have. What are some strategies that can help to close the development gap? Sustainable development is a concept that refers to the use of natural resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. They are widely recognized as a framework for addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing the world, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. In wealthy countries as much as three-quarters (in a few cases close to a hundred percent) of the population is engaged in tertiary and quaternary economic activities. Click on the map if you would like to enlarge it. (F) Explain how uneven development within a state can act as a centrifugal force. There are several types of renewable energy technologies, including: Solar energy: This type of energy is generated from sunlight using photovoltaic cells or concentrated solar power systems. It is characterized by a mix of private enterprise and government control. Check out the examples below to find out more. The polluter pays principle: This principle holds that those who generate pollution should bear the costs of preventing or mitigating it. Market economy: A market economy is one in which the production and distribution of goods and services are determined by the laws of supply and demand in a free market. Semi-periphery areas. Answer: Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals that contribute to their productivity and economic success. Warm climates make diseases like malaria or dengue fever more common, causing sickness, and reducing the workforce, limiting economic growth. Although there are factors that cause uneven development today, historical events are still having an impact on the modern development of countries. 5) Age of mass consumption - People have more wealth and so buy services and goods (consumer society), welfare systems are fully developed, trade expands, 1). a. d.f. *Schemes are appropriate and sustainable long-term. G) Explain the concept of a sustainable city and identify two features of a city that would make it more sustainable. Some popular destinations for ecotourism include: National parks and protected areas: These are protected areas of land and sea that are managed to conserve their natural beauty, biodiversity, and cultural values. Investing in education and training is one way to improve human capital and promote economic development. AP Human Geography: Practice Tests and Flashcards, The Core-Periphery Model is used by geographers to describe, People in the poorest parts of the world are primarily engaged in, Most of the people in wealthy countries are employed in, In the Core-Periphery Model the semi-periphery includes all of the following except, The back-wash effect can be best described as. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. This can be on an economic scale, based upon the general wealth of the country. Promoting social equity: This can involve ensuring access to education, healthcare, and other basic services for all members of society. From historical human factors such as conflict (war) and political instability, to physical factors such. transport network, money from farming, power supplies, communications An example of neocolonialism is the influence of the United States on the economies and governments of Latin American countries. a measure of how many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the amount of goods and services that one unit of currency will buy in another country. Answer: Sustainable development is a development model that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Push factors are reasons why people want to move away from a country. 3) Control stage - Management now gains control over the technology's resources by implementing formal control processes and standards that stifle almost all new projects. Answer: Two social consequences of urbanization are increased social isolation and decreased community cohesion. Example: cutting down trees for houses, The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. 1. What is another name for natural resource curse theory? What are some consequences of uneven development? Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. For example: In Rostow's model uneven global development can be lessened, but in Wallerstein's model uneven global development is a basic characteristic of the world system. Sustainable agriculture and food tourism: This type of ecotourism involves visiting farms, wineries, and other food and drink producers to learn about sustainable agriculture practices and to taste local produce. However, people can be pushed out of their home country because of war or natural disasters. Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. Going down to even smaller scales, within a city core and peripheral areas can be spatially designated. (C) Explain the concept of language convergence and describe one example of a language that has experienced convergence. The natural resource curse theory, or the paradox of plenty, essentially describes how countries that have vast amounts of a particular resource, are doomed for poor development. F) Explain the concept of environmental justice and describe one example of an environmental justice issue related to resource distribution. For example, the concentration of automobile manufacturing in Detroit, Michigan was due in part to the availability of iron and coal in the region, as well as the presence of the Great Lakes, which made it easier to transport raw materials and finished products. Standard of living is the amount of wealth or goods that people have. The precautionary principle: This principle states that when there is a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the environment or human health, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent that harm. Development is vastly uneven, with some countries being highly developed, while others suffer the consequences of low development. - The data handled by the new technology are recognized as important resource and so efforts are made to manage the data We measure development in Geography by using development indicators. Answer: Policies or programs designed to promote language diversity and maintain linguistic heritage can include efforts to document endangered languages (i.e. Answer: Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. Uneven development can result in large health disparities. One of the stages of growth model, helping in the understanding of the role of information systems, in an organization's strategy and its maturity. This causes a brain drain in the LIC, limiting economic development. 488 0 obj <>stream C) Explain two economic consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. Economic Sector (Business Services) - innovator or inventor. Business development is still very uneven within the UK, because of local transaction costs, variations in institutional thickness, agglomeration, external and urbanization economies, and the continued importance of face-to-face contacts. Anything not within this line shows the LDCs of the world. Using development indicators or measures of development. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: This principle acknowledges that countries have different levels of development and capacity and therefore have different responsibilities in addressing global environmental problems. The differences in development across the world, and how development takes place at different speeds. Development levels differ around the world. Possible Answers: It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state. processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology: generate more wealth than periphery process in the word economy. Everything you need for your studies in one place. 3) Takeoff stage - Introduction and rapid growth (industrial revolution) of manufacturing industries, better infrastructure, financial investment, and cultural change The UN calls the SDGs a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. hbbd```b``> "I0&HveL~`:LGMs\9 R*_" H4P$zEA"_00120M "?c 2 - Antilia tower in Mumbai, the second most expensive house in the world. Vocabulary for AP HuG "The Cultural Landscape," by James M. Rubenstein, Chapter 9, Development and the next chapters. Make sure you understand the terms Low Income County (LIC), Newly Emerging Economy (NEE), and High Income Country (HIC), before carrying on with this explanation! It can also be on a social scale, based upon factors such as healthcare, education, and people's quality of life. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to promote language diversity and maintain linguistic heritage. Ecotourism is a type of tourism that focuses on experiencing natural areas while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Students examine contemporary spatial patterns of industrialization and the resulting geography of uneven developmentfor example, the differences between urban and rural China or Brazil. Rural and indigenous communities: These are small communities in remote areas that are often dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. Let's take a look! Sign up to highlight and take notes. All Ive done is prompted ChatGPT as described above, and then with what ChatGPT returned, produced this post. Educational benefits: Ecotourism can provide opportunities for visitors to learn about the environment and local cultures, and can promote environmental and cultural awareness and appreciation. (G) For a multinational state facing the realities of devolution, explain why a government would choose to create an autonomous region or choose to maintain a unitary state. ( The last section of the core-periphery model). Manufacturing employment in the U.S. has declined from around 25% of the total workforce in the 1950s to around 10% in recent years. Quality of life is the level of access to things like health, comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. Many villages in Ghana don't have access to clean water. Our population is just about to hit 8 billion. In fact, I havent even yet looked it over. How close is the ttt-value to the corresponding zzz-value (at the bottom of the column for d.f. Coffee beans (the raw material) turn into coffee (the tradable product). There are many factors which lead to, and have led to, the world being unevenly developed. Countries in between. in tandem. Examples include the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, and the Maldives. Raw materials are often made into more expensive goods or products in HICs, therefore boosting these economies instead, whilst LICs have to import these expensive goods, so economic growth remains low. Each goal is accompanied by a set of specific targets and indicators to help measure progress. D) Describe one way in which climate change can impact population growth. What are some physical causes of uneven development? During colonial times, resources and money would be taken from colonised countries, often for the benefit of the colonising country. when one country gives something to another country. Answer: Two social or cultural consequences of migration include increased cultural diversity and potential social tensions. There are several types of economies, including: So an economy is basically people that buy things from the people that make things. People in the poorest parts of the world are primarily engaged in _____________. Refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes, often because it is unsafe to stay. There are stark differences between HICs and LICs. D) Explain the concept of transnationalism and describe one way in which transnationalism can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join. Natural disasters lcan cause deaths, and are expensive to recover from infrastructurally. Cities have wealthier people and a larger middle class in China and Japan, for example. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. look up the value of Student's ttt in Appendix D for the stated level of confidence. h. elastic demand. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as community involvement, funding, and support from government and educational institutions. What demographic equation is used to determine natural increase? The deliberate killing of a place through industrial expansion and change, so that its earlier landscape and character are destroyed. (C) Explain how communication technology plays an important role in the goals of devolutionary groups and democracy movements. Reducing the development gap is vital for reducing uneven development. Answer: Climate change can impact population growth by leading to increased food and water insecurity, which can exacerbate conflicts and displacement. Includes research and development, finance, banking, real estate, insurance. For example, urban areas often provide more job opportunities than rural areas, but income inequality may also be higher in urban areas. We can also look at development on a scale. Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs) are countries that are seeing a rise in economic development or industrialisation. The Chancellor of Germany in the 1970s divided the world into the 'Rich North' and the 'Poor South', with a line that roughly circled the world at 30. Example: US and Canada, Provides loans to countries to reform public administration and legal institutions, develop and strengthen financial institutions, and implement transportation and social service projects. These activities can take place in a variety of natural settings, including national parks, protected areas, and rural communities. Term. True or false: the development continuum helps to show a scale of development, with the least and most developed countries, and the countries in between. The middle countries (not LDC or MDC)- starting to industrialize. The Core-Periphery Model is used by geographers to describe___________. NICs do secondary. Does that sound easy enough to understand? (E) Analyze the impact of globalization on state sovereignty, providing at least one example of how globalization has affected the power of the state. Adventure tourism: This type of ecotourism involves participating in activities such as rafting, kayaking, and rock climbing in natural settings. Country that has recently established an industrialized economy based on manufacturing and global trade. Promote gender equality and empower women. Some of the physical factors that can cause uneven development are based on climate, the production of raw materials, and country placement. An example of deindustrialization is the decline of the manufacturing sector in the United States in recent decades. One example of post-Fordist production is the use of 3D printing to manufacture customized products on demand. Definitions for Topics 7.1-7.8. The effectiveness of such policies may depend on factors such as the level of community involvement in decision-making and the transparency of revenue allocation. how the standard of living differs between rich (HIC) and poor (LIC) countries. Answer: Historical and contemporary factors that have influenced language distribution and diversity include colonialism, migration patterns, globalization, and language policies. I just directed ChatGPT to do the following: Create six free-response questions no stimulus modeled after the free-response question no stimulus found in the AP Human Geography Sample Exam located on page 167 of the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. More industrialized. In the Core-Periphery Model the semi-periphery includes all of the following except __________. Answer: Urban planning can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization by promoting sustainable development and creating green spaces. Review Session #1: AP Human Geography. Disease causes sickness (and death), meaning people cannot go to work. Environmental determinism is the belief that the environment, most notably its physical factors such as landforms and climate, determines the patterns of human culture and societal development. Fig. This is vastly uneven globally; let's take a look at some of the reasons why. Two historical factors that have contributed to the growth of urban areas are the Industrial Revolution and suburbanization. 4) Data administration stage. The Demilitarized Zone between North and South Korea. a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development, a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. Examples include the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, and the Mayan ruins in Mexico. For example, the construction of the Panama Canal led to the development of a growth pole in Panama City, as the city became a major transportation hub for shipping goods between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This results in uneven development globally. Cultural and heritage tourism: This type of ecotourism involves visiting cultural and historical sites and participating in local cultural activities. AP Human Geography 320 resources . Examples include the Maasai Mara in Kenya, the Amazon rainforest in South America, and the Borneo rainforest in Malaysia. Maquiladoras are factories located in developing countries that import raw materials and export finished goods. A) Define the concept of population growth and provide one historical or contemporary example of a factor that has contributed to population growth. Is areas that provide the majority of the resources for the industrial core. Og70dAl}gx)&~:TvZ?4HC\5bOfh~~`a!/6-~ PK;~Q=. As a result, these countries have become heavily dependent on exports to the U.S. and have become vulnerable to fluctuations in the U.S. economy. the division of the world into major economic centers, centers of manufacturing, and extremely poor communities. C) Explain two environmental consequences of population growth, providing an example of each. Refer to the information in the first quick study of this chapter and assume the periodic inventory system is used. Historical causes can be exampled by colonialism. The terms are listed in the order of the reading for each book. Life expectancy is generally much higher in HICs. Additionally, as populations grow, more land may be cleared for agriculture or urban development, leading to deforestation and loss of habitat. Its 100% free. Will you pass the quiz? (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. You could find that on Google or in your textbook, but what does that really mean? 2. In the United States, for example, Silicon Valley in CALIFORNIA is a core area where high-technology businesses are clustered. . That is what this whole unit is about. Command economy: A command economy, also known as a planned economy, is one in which the government controls the production and distribution of goods and services. The SDGs are intended to be integrated and indivisible, meaning that they are interconnected and cannot be achieved in isolation. The idea behind a growth pole is that economic development in one area can have spillover effects that stimulate growth in other areas. For example, as populations grow, more people may move to urban areas, leading to increased social isolation and changes in community dynamics. Different countries around the world have different levels of development, which can directly affect the populations living in those countries. Answer: A nation refers to a group of people who share a common culture, history, and identity, while a state is a political entity with defined territorial boundaries and a permanent population. This can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join by shaping cultural exchange and economic ties, such as through the creation of diaspora networks that facilitate trade and investment. Wind energy: This type of energy is generated using wind turbines that convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electricity. For example, the growing demand for electronic devices has increased the demand for minerals such as coltan, leading to increased mining in certain African countries. Example: Nepal, A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. 9E Q'bUU*C4I5d4Nf\Xg.=@$]g:*2w1>JPyX0V[{YNMp6O~tT(tU^BT|KN 4uGw"fZ#qQX%7?)?4R3= 2) Transitional phase / pre-take off - Building infrastructure that is needed before development can take place, e.g. Wildlife watching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and photographing wildlife in their natural habitat. Colonialism has occurred intensely throughout history. - More developed countries, use the resources of the periphery to continue their success. The second most expensive house in the world (after Buckingham Palace) is placed directly next to one of Mumbai's slums. Example: Nike, The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. Chapter 1: Basic Concepts (Unit I: Geography: Its Nature and Perspective) Chapter Outline. Usually poor. It is the transfer of products and goods between countries. Brain drain is when more educated people leave a country searching for better opportunities, work, or education. [79e"; Ly:?M,@hZIdv*KYVBm96p#{oAOJ.1pKSm+2IBQ+FRszh289J={C=Mn^5'. roads, power supply, sewerage etc. But why is this the case? For instance, as more people move to cities, air pollution from transportation and industry can increase, and natural habitats may be destroyed to make way for urban development. There are many causes of uneven development; physical (climate, the natural resource curse, and landlocked countries), economic (the cycle of poverty, global trading systems), and historical (colonialism). No points are deducted for wrong or blank answers on the exam. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. It is a holistic approach that considers the social, economic, and environmental impacts of development and seeks to balance these three pillars in a way that is equitable and sustainable over the long term. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of political geography. Think about Mcdonald's or Starbucks! The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as local context, support from government and civil society, and the involvement of the international community. Let's put everything into practice. Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. The distribution of resources and access to resources has significant implications for economic development and quality of life. It states that as one region of a state flourishes economically it does not necessarily improve the economy of another region, but instead, conversely, diminishes the significance and strength of another region. Economic gains can then vary, and economic growth is therefore relatively unreliable. However, this has resulted in a power struggle for control over the countries, resulting in conflict and political instability, hindering development further. The value is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale.

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