mention two hill tribes of assam

Although no violence occurred between Misings and non-Misings, however some non-Mising unions clashed with the police. "@type": "Question", It has a thatched top and is patterned simply like the letter 'I.' Customary law allows divorces, but they are not very common. Of the 19 major tribes in Tripura, some of the dominant ones are Tripuri, Reang, Jamatia, Chakma and Noatia. "acceptedAnswer": { The Misings belong to the greater group of Tani people, who speak Tibeto-Burmese languages of the Sino-Tibetan family, inhabiting parts of the Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh and Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Dhubri 70,395 6,332. It marks the beginning of the influx of the Mising people from hills to plains of Assam. Rabhas The ethnic origin of the Rabhas is Mongoloid. In points of rhytms pause, movement and clarity of appeal the Bodo classical dances have close similarities with the classical dances of North-Eastern India. Their main agricultural products are cotton wool, mustard and sesamum seed. Mising folktales speak of an ambush of Burmese soldiers by Misings on the Brahmaputra, implying Misings were established in Assam before the Burmese invasions of 1817. The two piece dress of Riha, Mekhela worn by Assamese women is believed to be later form of the original dress of the Bodo women. The domestic animals of the Bodos are principally confined to common cattle and pigs. The womenfolk wear pini (a piece of black cloth that covers the upper portion of the body and dangles to the calves), while rikong (a piece of cloth wrapped around the waist) is the customary dress for men. Economic and Political Weekly } There is an amber scarf folded round the bosom besides a head piece, also of the same colour. If you own the rights to any of the images, and do not wish them to appear on TravelTriangle, please contact us and they will be promptly removed. There are many types of Mising dances, and each has its particular rules. }); During the rule of the Ahom kings their main source of livelihood was sieving gold (sone) from the sands of the river Suwansiri. They also created the sun (Donyi) and Polo (the moon), the wind (echar), water (aasi)(Mising), fire (eme)(Mising), and other aspects of the universe. In the fourteenth century under the patronage of the Bodo King Mahamanikya, the great Assamese scholar Madhab Kandali translated the original Sanskrit Ramayana into the Assamese language. According to the Census of India conducted in 2011, the population of Mising in Assam is approximately 7 lakhs with a good sex ratio. They gave up some of their original tribal habits such as eating pigs, rearing fowls and speaking their own Dimasa language. Even during the Moamoria rebellion, when most hill tribes turned rebellious towards Ahom government, the Mising or Miris remained loyal. Dimasas Dimasas are tribal people of the North-Eastern part Of India. There are also references to Bodo classical music of per excellence in Hiuen Tsangs accounts of his travels in Kamrupa (the then Assam). [1] The Assam Tribune reported in 2009 that the tribal communities of Assam now officially account for 15.64 percent of the total population. , { Seeing Burma and India as distinct others privileges spatio-cultural hierarchies rooted in colonial frameworks, assimilated by postcolonial political arrangements and nation-state-centric scholarship. Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. The Misings today grow paddy ill Id mustard. Now they live mainly in North Cachar Hills, Silchar Sub-division, plains of Karbi Anglong, flagaon district, Twenchang and Dimapur of Nagaland and Dhan#In area. "name": "Is it safe to visit Assam? When a boy is in love with a girl and intends to marry her, but cannot afford the cost of a formal marriage, or expects some opposition to the marriage from some quarter, or would like to start a conjugal life without delay, he chooses elopement with the girl as the best option. There has been a drastic decline of the gadu craft during the years after independence because of the availability of inexpensive blankets in the market. Although administrators and outsiders saw the Misings as a single group, the Misings were in fact made up of many autonomous small tribes. Language as a Catalyst to Identity Assertion among the Tribes of North East India Susmita Sen Gupta* North Eastern Hill University, India *Corresponding author: Susmita Sen Gupta, Associate Professor, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India, Tel: +91-9436110674, E-mail: ssg62@rediffmail.com Rec date: Apr 18, 2016; Acc date: May 24, 2016; Pub date: May 29, 2016 5 Picnic Spots Near Guwahati That Encompass The Beauty And Charm Of Assam! A traditional Mising house is stilted. } The Karbi literature comprises mainly of songs viz. At the night of full moon on the month of Fagun (the eleventh month of Assamese calendar) they burn straw-stacks and arrange feasts which is very much similar to the customs of Assamese Magh Bihu. It is already in the process of becoming inflexional through intercourse with the Assamese and Bengali speakers. Not just this, but the bamboo houses are known for their ethnic and rustic beauty which is worth admiring. Available ancient texts reveal North East as a part of the country known as Pragjyotisha and Kamrupa. These months are extremely pleasant and refreshing to travel. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Reside mainly along the banks of river Suwansiri and Assam-Arunachal border near Sadiya. Young men and women participate in the occasion by singing and dancing at night in the courtyard of every household in the villages to the accompaniment of drums, cymbals, and a gong. As regards dress, they wear a sarong-type petticoat wrapped above the breast-line by married women and on the waist-line by unmarried ones which they call Ege, on the top of it they hem around another piece of unseen cloth which is known as ribi. In Northeast India, they are present in all states except Arunachal Pradesh. Harvesting of paddy rice in autumn is very common now amongst the Misings and so a Po:rag is usually observed now sometime in early winter or early spring. 44, Societial adaptation to environmental changes: natural resources management and shifting definitions of territory among the Mishing tribe in the Brahmaputra River floodplain (Assam, NE India), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mising_people&oldid=1152100871. Table 1 presents the district-wise distribution of the tribal population of Assam according to the 1991 Census (the corresponding breakdown of the 2001 Census is not yet available), officially classified into two mutually exclusive categories: the Hill Tribes and the Plains Tribes. Erring individuals are given hearings and penalized if found guilty. The Tiwas have also household festivals like Mahadev Puja, Lakshmi Puja etc. GIPN S'P 2D. The sole responsibility for organizing the festival is vested in a body of young men and women, called Meembir-yamey (literally, young women-young men). The major locus of their culture is within the Mikir Hills of Assam, but they are also dispersed throughout the Golaghat Subdivision of the Sibsagar District, Nowgong, Kamrup, the Khasi Hills, and the Cachar Hills. These are mostly wind instruments made of bamboo. All of them irrespective of male, female and children obey and observe the preachments of Panch Sheel and Osto Sheel. Tribes of Ass 429 Ahom kingdom was laid at Sivasagar, the whole ex ante to the east of SiMansiri and Disang in the north bank of Brahrflaputra was under the Chutia kingdom. Its a place of wonders and those who love traversing the unexplored trails must visit it. They are part of Tani group of people of Northeast India. reverse:false, The Bodo women rear all kinds of silkworm. itemWidth:300, Required fields are marked *. More often than not, marriages by elopement are followed by due social recognition through simple formalities. The tribes that settled and reside in the hill dis-tricts are called the "hill tribes" whereas the tribes that settled in the plain areas of Brahmaputra Valley are called the "plain. Assam has a much higher proportion of tribal population (12.40%) than that of the country as a whole (8.20%) in 2001. Talk to our travel experts today. We will also call you back in 24 hrs. They live in Assam, Nagaland and its near by areas. The art and architecture of Dimasa people are very much developed. $('li:not(".flex-active-slide") .animated', slider).not('.disabled').each(function(index) { "name": "How many days are enough to explore Assam? from these common properties. The Deuris attach much importance and mystery to their religion. The 9 Plains tribes are Barman, Bodo, Deori, Hojai, Sonowal Kachari, Tiwa or Lalung, Mech, Mising and Rabha. $('#metaslider_57782').flexslider({ Gangtok & Darjeeling Tour Package 5D/4N @ Rs 13,000. In 1813, Dimasa king Krishna Chandra converted himself into a Hindu. Traditionally Garo womenfolk used to wear a shirt and a broad cloth covering the. The Misings have other groupings such as Moyengia, Oyengia, and Sayengia etc., which do not correlate to opin. One can enjoy festivals like Bihuharvest festival in January or visit theOrchids in the hills and enjoy the chilling weather. Above this may be draped a ri:bi or Gaseng, both cotton sheets used to cover the ege and a blouse. Although, they were initially hill dwellers, they later migrated to the plains and started living on the banks of rivers of Assam. Other forms of clothing include the riya, a long, comparatively narrow, sheet, wrapped, a bit tightly, round the chest. downscale_only: false, However all Misings speak the same language and follow similar rituals, so most consider them to be a single community. The capital of Assam is Dispur and the state emblem is one-hoed rhino. It is this historical event that goes into the making of Dai's novel. Find out more about the laid-back and picturesque hill stations of Assam in this blog. Suggested Read: 5 Picnic Spots Near Guwahati That Encompass The Beauty And Charm Of Assam! In addition, they have embraced in the valley some kind of a monotheistic Hinduism as passed on to them by one of the sects of the Vaishnavism of Sankardeva. Dispur is also famous for the tea auction market which takes place at the outskirts of Guwahati. All visual content is copyrighted to its respectful owners. These tribes are divided into two main sub-divisions: those who live in the hills and those who live on the plains. Important Academic and Social Organisations, Assamese Wedding Celebrations Or Assamese Marriage Or Assamese Biya, Toloni Biya Or Tuloni Biya Or Nua-tuloni-biya Or Santi Biya, Bhaona Traditional Form Of Assamese Entertainment, Kaziranga National Park & Tiger Reserve Assam, India (Nagaon District), Dibru-Saikhowa National Park- Assam, India (Complete Details), CHOWKI- Assam Beautiful Picnic Spot, Baksa, Assam, India. Summer season, which runs from April to June is the best time to visit Assam. The Mising were also kii()wn as Miris. We encourage you to visit them, and subscribe to their list for . government of INDIA DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY CENTRAL ARCH/EOLOG I CAL LIBRARY , Acc. }); "name": "How do I get to Haflong? Borali Range and Orchid Garden are other tourist attractions you can visit. Assam. A Bodo youth can earn a bride by serving in her family. The traditional craft of weaving is a very important aspect of Mising culture. Mising villages are generally large in size, consisting of around fifty-to-sixty households on an average. The Dimasas established their capital at Dimapur in neOr about 1086 and in 1536 they left Dimapur and re-established their kingdom at Maibang. The Sonowal Kacharies reside mainly in the districts of Dibrugarh, Lakhimpur and Sivasagar. According to the 2001 census, the Scheduled Tribes population as in percentage of the total population of Assam was 12.4 percent. The Mikirs are one of the more numerous of the Tibeto-Burman peoples inhabiting the Indian state of Assam. However, they make almost all the tools required for their day-to-day life, such as baskets, carry bags, trays, boxes, fish traps of various kinds, hencoops, etc., using bamboo and cane as material. Since 1983, Mising organizations have been demanding Sixth Schedule status under the Constitution of India. Ramsa is a village in Betna Mouza, Undivided. [2], The Constitution of India categorizes the tribes of Assam into two groups: Scheduled Tribes (Hills) and Scheduled Tribes (Plains). Presumably the Sonowal Kacharies spoke the Bodo language originally, although in due course of time alongwith the assimilation of the group with other tribes and the Ahoms, .the Sonowal Kacharies adopted the Assamese as their mother tongue. "text": "There are no direct flights or trains to Haflong and the best way to get here is by hiring a taxi from cities like Guwahati." "text": "One should plan a trip of at least 5 days to cover the various places in Assam." This town was once the capital of Kamatapur Kingdom, and in the present holds an important place. Assam is in the middle of yet another assembly election. It is not possible to brief all the tribes in this chapter. The concepts of Guhmin and Opin have remained the basis of Mising social structure. The Tiwa women are good weavers. The petticoat encircles the body below the hips and flows decently to the feet. The pristine beauty of its plush green rolling hills and serene surroundings will leave you awestruck. Sonowal Kacharies The Sonowal Kacharies comprise one group of the Bodo tribe. They grow different varieties of rice paddy, some of which they sow in spring for harvesting in summer, some others being transplanted during the rainy season and harvested in autumn. "@type": "Answer", The most prominent Mising villages in Arunachal Pradesh include Oyan, Namsing, of East Siang district. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions 142 Head-Hunting among Hill Tribes of Assanm. Their house is a two-roof Wail-. The Chutiyas, a hill tribe, was absorbed by the Ahoms. The tea tribes form a distinct population of Assam and are . In some functions they even use pigeon, vermillion and payas i.e. Agriculture is the main source of income of the Deuris and in many Deuri villages there are traditional community weaving centres of the girls. Kaziranga National Park 2. At present, there are 40 male clans (Sakong) and 42 female clans (lulu). nextText:">", The sons of Guhmn are grouped in multiple opin, or clans, the names of which are represented by the existing surnames in the society. ] First published in 1949 as the Economic Weekly and since 1966 as the Economic and Political Weekly, EPW, as the journal is popularly known, occupies a special place in the intellectual history of independent India. as sources of income. } Karbis first inhabitated a mountain somewhere between Diphu and Dimapur. Haidang are the traditional folk songs of the Sonowal Kacharies. "@type": "Answer", Delightful South Weekend Tour 3D/2N Package @ Rs 4,999, Marvelous Gujarat Tour 3D/2N Package @ Rs 4,999. var metaslider_57782 = function($) { The tribes of Assam are divided into two groups: Scheduled Tribes (Hills) and Scheduled Tribes (Plains). Ali-Ay-Lgang is a festival marking the beginning of the sowing season, and marks the start of a new agricultural calendar. "The categorization of the Scheduled Tribe of Assam into two categories in the . The Tiwas follows the cult of polydemonism. The Kuki people are an ethnic group native to the Mizo Hills (formerly Lushai), a mountainous region in the southeastern part of Mizoram and Manipur in India. Perched on the spectacular North Cachar Hill, Umrangso is amongst the most scenic hill stations in Assam. Weaving is a household industry of the Barmans. The Kebang was the legal, judicial and executive authority of the community, although the final say on all matters, barring the ones relating to their faith, was that of the Ga:m. Cases of social and criminal offenses were heard by the Kebang, and persons found guilty were penalized. portion of the body and dangling to their knees. Deka Chang is a training centre for the young boys. Garos are Mongoloid tribes. There is also no restriction on widow remarriage. Nature worship as such is not a common practice amongst Misings. Winter months in Assam from October to March are comfortable and perfect for a romantic vacation. They were even taken as slaves The process of convergence of the Karbis into the broader Assamese society began only during the Ahom rule. In the early part of the 13th century, when the foundation of . It is represented by a Siju plant. Issue Book Excerpt: Lost Opportunities | Date : 19 Jan , 2015. The hill regions of North-East India have a history of being governed by different criterion in comparison to the rest of India. Basumatary, the largest sub-tribe of Boro also means Sons of the Soil. It is ideal for a secluded and peaceful holiday, which is also blessed with beautiful orchids and birds. Domi's son, Miniyong, was the ancestor of the Mishings. However, during the early British period Misings continued to move down to the plains but even they would continue to face raids from their former Abor overlords. The Gam has been replaced with Gambura (gaonburha in mipak language) a petty village level agent of the government, since the days of the British. mention two hill tribes of assam jeffrey dahmer museum milwaukee The most common form of marriage in rural areas even today is the one by elopement. From may akaar be came the word Karbi. Their main occupation is agriculture. Mising is used as an umbrella term for all these various tribes who migrated to the plains from the same region in the hills. window.setTimeout(timer_metaslider_57782, 1) : metaslider_57782(window.jQuery); direction:'horizontal', Likewise the men wear poho (a stylish turban), leko (necklace made of pearls), and tssoi (decorative shirts). The Mising also have a special and complex blanket called gadu, fluffy on one side, and woven on a traditional loin loom. They have Pigbo and Daglik system, where the village community extend help in the shape of personal labour to individual houses at times of need. } Located on the border of Assam and Meghalaya, the place has a rustic charm and offers everything that is needed to rejuvenate the mind and soul of a weary city dweller. People can try their hands on trekking, mountaineering, rafting and camping. There is striking resemblance between a Bodo-Kachari village and a Tiwa village. controlNav:false, Publication date 1964 Usage Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Topics pahar.in Collection . The more the number of nuclear families living in the same house, the longer the I would be. } Even the benevolent guardian spirits are propitiated from time to time for the all-round wellbeing of a household. directionNav:true, } } }); Tribes: In Manipur, there are 33 recognized tribes that either belongs to the Nagas or the Kukis, two separate conglomerates of Manipur tribals. In 1973, this magnificent hill station was given the title of Assams capital and later it became a home to some important buildings like Assam Secretariat, State Emergency Operations center and State Assemble House. Barpeta 95,320 27,344. They also become followers of Mahapurush Srimanta Shankardevas Namdharma. Apart from dumdum, luhpi, lehnong, marbang, bali, etc. Best Time To Visit:October OnwardsFamous For: Garampani, a hot spring located on the top of the hill. Hoollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary
6. Mising is an endonym and literally means "man of the soil." Miri, on the other hand, is an exonym commonly applied by plains Assamese people.There is still much scholarly debate on the origins of this term: some colonial scholars argued 'miri' referred to their status as intermediaries between plains peoples in the Brahmaputra Valley and hill tribes to the north, while others such . junio 12, 2022. cottage for sale in timmins on . Other hill tribes that inhabit Assam are Garos, Hajongs, Hmars, Khasis . For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines. Best Time To Visit: November-FebruaryFamous For:Architectures from the past, natures beauty, Suggested Read: Temples In Assam For A Spiritual Awakening In The Northeast. Kamrup. The villages subsist on agriculture. Fakial males make Potteries, wooden and bamboo artifacts etc and make extra earnings by selling them. But the god of thunder is propitiated from time to time, and although not worshipped or propitiated, the Sun (who they call Ane-Donyi Mother Sun) and the Moon (who they call Abu Polo Father Moon) are invoked on all auspicious occasions. There is still much scholarly debate on the origins of this term: some colonial scholars argued 'miri' referred to their status as intermediaries between plains peoples in the Brahmaputra Valley and hill tribes to the north, while others such as Grierson (1909) thought it meant "gentleman," while Crooks interpreted it as "hill man." Table 2, based on a much longer Table that gives the details . There is also a historical cave and Bhageshwari temple which showcases the history of the place. Since hill tribes living in the plains and plains tribes living in the hills in large numbers are not recognised as scheduled tribes in the respective places, the census data may not reflect the correct figures. , { Best Time To Visit: October-FebruaryFamous For:It is the biggest city of Assam and also home to local tribes, Further Read: 55 Hill Stations Near Delhi for a Peaceful Getaway. Stiwas The Tiwas or Lalungs were none but a section of the great.Bodo-kachari race and during the thirteenth or fourteenth century they lived somewhere near the Bodo-Kachari capital at Dimapur. Even their technique of agriculture is outdated. There are many clans within the tribe. "text": "Yes, it is safe to visit Assam but it is advised to not roam around by oneself late at night." female of the mother, but not to her son. A Bodo house is seldom distinguishable from the Assamese houses. }); God-fearing Karbis have both Hindus and Christians among them. Extreme poverty or inconvenience force families to arrange a marriage of the third kind, in which a few elders, invited to the house of the groom, bless the would-be couple over a few bowls of rice beer and the wedding is over. Thal Puja, Soni Puja, Dewali Puja etc. "mainEntity": [ At present the Deuris are mainly found in Lakhimpur and Sivasagar district. 20 Mysterious Places In India To Visit In 2023 More Bizarre Than The Bermuda Triangle, 10 Scariest Roads In India That Are A Drivers Nightmare, 101 Places To Visit In India Before You Turn 30 in 2023, 35 Exotic Places To Visit In December In India 2023 To Enjoy A Surreal Vacation, 60 Best Honeymoon Destinations In India In 2023. They also observe Dobur Puja. "@type": "Answer", Its not just the hill stations in Assam that will mesmerize you. Miri, on the other hand, is an exonym commonly applied by plains Assamese people. It is a very expensive three-day festival (reduced to two days or even one these days, depending on the extent of preparation on the part of the organizers in terms of items of food and drinks) and so held once in two-to-three years or so. 1987 Economic and Political Weekly We have tried here to give a little information about some of them including the 9 major tribes of Assam i.e. [Received Z6th Angaet, 1867.1 . Sedi then created Diling, whose descendant Pedong gave birth to Dopang, Domi and Doshing. At the death of a dear one, the women burst out into a sort of cry and song which for an outsider may sound funny. Manas National Park
3. The gong is not used on any festive occasion other than the Ali-Ay Lgang. The Opin of Guhmin are all blood-related brothers known as urom bibosunam brrang, originating from a common ancestor father and there is no restriction in offering prayers in the rituals in common platform generations together. The demand of the hill people of Karbi Anglong and North Cachar hill districts for an autonomous state in Assam is rooted in the long history of similar movements in the north-east which have led first to the separate state of Nagaland, then Mizoram and later the constitutional experiment with an autonomous tribal state which became Meghalaya. All rights reserved. A Mising village usually consists of fifty or more houses built twilerally on two sides of a borren. Bongaigaon 82,784 18,835. 3.3 Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings and 'begar' and other similar forms of forced labour and provides that any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law. [clarification needed]. Like the Deudhais of the Ahoms, there is a class of people in Dimasa society too who are believed to be graced with super natural and divine power. The Economic and Political Weekly, published from Mumbai, is an Indian institution which enjoys a global reputation for excellence in independent scholarship and critical inquiry. Ever since they adopted Hinduism the Barmans have discarded many of their old religious festivals excepting one the Dainie Puja. The separation was one of several partitions that created bounded spaces across South Asia during the twentieth century. at the Than. Alongside that there is a vastly spread agriculture land where the vegetables are grown. The Karbis mentioned as the Mikirs in the Constitution Order, Govt. "acceptedAnswer": { Clan endogamy is taboo. They 447. believe Pha to be Shiva. Bini - These are lullabies sung either at home or in the field, taking babies to places of work. 33 Tourist Places In Assam: Unveiling The Hidden Charm Of The North-East, Explore The Himalayas: 48 Best Places To Visit In Himachal Pradesh, Our Ultimate Experiences On A Romantic Trip To North East, River Rafting In Assam: A Thrilling Experience In The Heart of Brahmaputra, 5 Popular Waterfalls In Assam That Glorify The Beauty Of The State. Tebo Tekang - It is a romantic lyric, narrating some love encounters. Females make clothes in their handlooms. More significantly, it is customary on this occasion to invite the women who hail from the village but have been married to men of other villages and places, far and near. Today a small percentage of their population have different categories of jobs, especially in the public sector, small trading, etc. The granary is built a little close to the house and a cowshed too would not be far away. They mainly live in Margherita, Naharkotia, Lidu, Nonglai, Long gaon, Tipam etc places of Assam. How many days are enough to explore Assam? The move came before the centre introduced the Citizenship Amendment Bill, 2019 in Lok Sabha on Tuesday. They are still mainly animists and adopted some aspects of Vaishnavism after the Bhakti movement that was started by Sankardev, (1449-1568 A.D.), the saint-poet of Assam. According to their religious faith animal slaughter is a severe sin. This article about the culture of India is a stub. "text": "Diphu is situated at a distance of 270 km from Guwahati and one can either take a taxi or travel by train as there is a local railway station in Diphu." The Bodos generally follow exogamy. Karimganj is also a home to the local tribes and there are many cultures and traditions which reflect the origins of this place. $(this).css('display', 'block'); timer_metaslider_57782(); Hill Stations in South India Hill Stations In Karnataka Best Hill Stations In India, 12 Best Hotels In Goa For Honeymoon That Will Sweep You Off Your Feet In 2023, 10 Best Hotels In Thekkady For Luxury &mMid-Budget Stays, 15 Best Resorts In Mcleodganj For A Laidback Weekend In The Hills, This Igloo House In Manali Is The Perfect Adventure For You This February In 2023. Chokeroi (Worshipping of goddess Laxmi) is one of their biggest festivals. They burn their dead. The Union Cabinet has approved Scheduled Tribe (ST) status to six communities of Assam namely Tai Ahom, Koch Rajbongshi, Chutia, Tea Tribes, Moran and Matak. This article examines the framing of 'ethnic conflict' in Northeast India, focusing on militant groups and insurgency in the hill areas of Assam and a form of political violence known locally as 'ethnic clashes'. The natural beauty of Assam is one of the most fascinating in the country with evergreen forests, majestic rivers, rich landscape, lofty green hills, bushy grassy plains, rarest flora and fauna, beautiful islands and what not.

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