In addition, the blue whale is much longer than the average elephant, regardless of the elephant species in question. Mastodons became extinct 10,000 years ago. Males reached shoulder heights between 2.7 and 3.4 m (8.9 and 11.2 ft) and weighed up to 6 metric tons (6.6 short tons). The woolly mammoth was well adapted to the cold environment of the last ice age. But woolly mammoths had much smaller ears, which kept them from losing body heat. The last known individual of this species died in Russia around 10,000 years ago. The males had spiral tusks with a recurved tip that could grow as long as 4.9 metres (16 ft) in old bulls; females on the other hand had thinner and slightly curved tusks. The earth heated so quickly and drastically that mammoths werent able to adapt to the loss of habitat and food sources. M. raki: differs from M. americanum in having a relatively longer and narrower third molar. Whats special about the tusk, though, isnt just how well-preserved the huge tooth is, but the isotopes preserved within. An examination of a fossil tooth discovered in 2015 indicated that a tiny population of mammoths persisted on Wrangel Island, an Arctic island located off the coast of northern Russia, as late as 4,300 years ago before succumbing to extinction from the effects of inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity. 1. How big is a mammoth compared to an elephant? how big is a woolly mammoth compared to an elephant? but they will try to eventually grow in an "artificial womb" a hybrid elephant with some woolly mammoth traits. WATCH: Sharks biting alligators, the most epic lion battles, and MUCH more. Mammoths are closely related to present-day Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), and these groups broke away from their last common ancestor about six million years ago. 'Control of the woolly mammoth trunk likely relied on the same combination of size, neuronal number, and neuronal complexity observed in the cerebellum of African elephants. Analyses showed that the modern Asian elephant shares 95.8 percent of its mitochondrial DNA with the woolly mammoth. Updates? also known as the Woolly Mammoth, is an extinct prehistoric elephant which lived from 5 million years ago to about 4,500 years ago - from the Early Pliocene Period to the Early Holocene Period. Perhaps the most famous CNV in the elephant genome is the TP53 gene. It sounds like the punchline to a prehistoric joke--a 20-foot-long, three-ton sloth in the same weight class as the Woolly Mammoth. See more. The Columbian mammoths were living as far south as Mexico. Mammoths were bigger and heavier compared to their predecessors, the mastodons, and closer in appearance and constitution to elephants today. The results of this paper match what I would expect given the hypothesis that mammoth behavior is similar to elephant behavior, says Georgia Southern University paleontologist Kathlyn Smith. Cookie Settings, JR Ancheta, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Five Places Where You Can Still Find Gold in the United States, Scientists Taught Pet Parrots to Video Call Each Otherand the Birds Loved It, Balto's DNA Provides a New Look at the Intrepid Sled Dog, The Science of California's 'Super Bloom,' Visible From Space, What We're Still Learning About Rosalind Franklins Unheralded Brilliance. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Riley Black is a freelance science writer specializing in evolution, paleontology and natural history who blogs regularly for Scientific American. 15 Facts Youll Want To Tell All Your Friends | SaltyPepper, Andrea Gabriel | 10 Fascinating Facts About Woolly Mammoths, Woolly mammoths are not as old as you think! Genetic evidence suggests that woolly mammoths spread to Europe about 200,000 years ago and from Asia across the Bering Land Bridge to North America about 125,000 years ago. In comparison, the African elephant, the largest living elephant species, grows up to around 13 feet tall and weighs up to 14,000 pounds, while the Asian elephant is slightly smaller, growing up to around 10 to 11 feet tall and . Research shows that it was larger than earlier mammoth species such as the Mammuthus trogontherii. So, what are the differences that separate elephants vs. mammoths? Elephants are still found, roaming around in tropical climates. That means a sizeable African elephant would be the same size as a 6-ton woolly mammoth. See Carbonemys vs. Titanoboa - Who Wins?). The 4 Best Deer Repellents: Reviewed and Ranked, The Best Sheep Shears Youll Actually Want to Use, See a Gator Bite an Electric Eel With 860 Volts, See Dominator The Largest Crocodile In The World, And As Big As A Rhino, Discover the Largest Sea-Dwelling Crocodile Ever Found (Bigger than a Great White! This Paleocene snake shared its South American habitat with equally huge crocodiles and turtles, including the one-ton Carbonemys, with which it may occasionally have grappled. The largest dinosaur for which we have compelling fossil evidence, Argentinosaurus measured over 100 feet from head to tail and may have weighed in excess of 100 tons. And he probably starved there. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The woolly mammoth is a species of mammoth that lived during the last ice age. All of these species are now extinct. . These thick, heavy coats allowed mammoths to live in very cold areas and thrive where their cousins would have frozen. If woolly mammoths typically roamed over large carpets of tundra, then the worlds shift to a warmer, wetter climate may have broken up the habitat they relied upon. As a genus, mammoths ranged further across the globe than their elephant relatives. The order consists of extinct relatives of the elephant and modern-day elephants. Their Habitats Explained, Elephant Quiz - 982 People Couldn't Ace This Quiz, Watch a Hungry Crocodile Launch a Sneak Attack and Snap an Elephants Trunk, Indifferent Elephant Parts a Sea of Hippos Like Hes Moses, This Elephant Trots Through A Sea Of Deadly Hippos And Doesnt Care, Watch a Crafty Elephant Expel a Hungry Lion by Dousing It With Water From Its Trunk, Larger and heavier for better cold tolerance. While the Plott hound is the state dog of North Carolina, it is a very rare breed and not well-known in other states. Mammoths went extinct around 4,000 years ago. Some have suggested that advances in genetics and reproductivecloningtechnologies since the 1990s could allow scientists to resurrect the woolly mammoth (see also de-extinction). These mammoths would have continued to roam in search of food, opportunities to mate and, much like Alaskas modern mammals, refuge from the swarms of biting insects that spring up in the warm months. Most mammoths became extinct 10,000 years ago. Trunk tips differ among the elephantids, too. Earlier this week, an incredible discovery on the permafrost of the Novosibirsk archipelago in the Arctic Ocean propelled the conversation of de-extincting mammoths forward: Blood, possibly in liquid form, and muscle tissue was discovered inside the well-preserved body of a 10,000 to 15,000 year old female woolly mammoth. Different locations had different strontium signatures, which became preserved in the mammoths tusks. Mammoths were a kind of elephant that lived during the Ice Age. Both were muscular, four-legged mammals with a trunk, curved tusks and a tail. Woolly mammoths were huge, elephant-like beasts that lived during the Ice Age. | Decin blog, Pingback: Texel fossil woolly rhinoceros discovery | Dear Kitty. . Their habitat was the mammoth steppe, a periglacial landscape with rich herb and grass vegetation. Sign up for our daily or weekly emails to receive Mammoths were sometimes trapped in ice crevasses and covered over; they were frozen, and their bodies were remarkably well preserved. Mammoths were bigger and heavier compared to their predecessors, the mastodons, and closer in appearance and constitution to elephants today. So, if we compare a typical woolly mammoth to a typical African elephant, the elephant would weigh about 2.5 times more than the mammoth. Subscribe to the TED Talks Daily newsletter. Asian Elephant: Its still debated which elephant species is most closely related to mammoths, but many believe it may be the Asian elephant. This result amazed all the scientists. They also had a layer of fat under their skin that provided them with insulation. Woolly mammoths were champion walkers. M. jeffersoni: the mammoth, from Eurasia. The species is named for the appearance of its long thick coat of fur. A mound of fat was present as a hump on the back. Elephants and mammoths are both gentle herbivores with a long history of human interaction. Its so important to keep the elephants left today alive, or this entire order of animals will be gone from our Earth for good. There is a much less visible dividing structure between the head and trunk of the African elephant. Scientific evidence suggests that small populations of woolly mammoths may have survived in mainland North America until between 10,500 and 7,600 years ago. Their tusks were more curved and twisted than elephant tusks and could grow up to 16 feet long. Under the extremely thick skin was a layer of insulating fat at times 8 cm (3 inches) thick. Strauss, Bob. The last, relict population of woolly mammoths on Arctic Russia's Wrangel Island exited the earthly stage some 4,000 years ago, while elephants still lumber across Asia and Africa. Woolly mammoths stood about 3 to 3.7 metres (about 10 to 12 feet) tall and weighed between 5,500 and 7,300 kg (between about 6 and 8 tons). A New Company Wants To Resurrect The Woolly Mammoth . An elephant and a woolly mammoth are. Males could weigh as much as 12,000 pounds, and females weighed 8,000 pounds. That inspired Wooller to think about applying the same logic to something biggera whole mammoth tuskto investigate an aspect of mammoth ecology that isnt well-understood. In mammoths and African elephants, both sexes carry tusks. He seemed to hang out in an area north of the Brooks Range and no longer ventured far and wide over the ancient tundra. elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants' significant size differences. Mammoth dentition was made up of alternating plates of enamel and a denture that often became worn down by constant back-to-front chewing motions. Bob Strauss is a science writer and the author of several books, including "The Big Book of What, How and Why" and "A Field Guide to the Dinosaurs of North America. Like elephants, an 'outstanding feature' of the mammoth brain is the size of the cerebellum, states the scientific publication. Mammoths had the smallest ears of all because larger ears are at risk of frostbite in freezing weather and use too much body heat to keep warm. - The Illuminati | NWO | New World Order. Asian elephants have more rounded backs, while African elephants backs slope downward toward the middle. Size comparison of the fragmentary "Mosbach mammoth" estimated to be 4.5 metres tall. While it is an extinct species, it is still referred to as a mammoth due to its unique characteristics and the fact that it is the most well-known species of mammoth. Asian elephants have smaller, more rounded ears. Aside from the obvious fact that mammoths are extinct, a number of physical, ecological and geographic differences distinguish these behemoths. In comparison, the longest-ever elephant tusks were 11 feet and 7 inches in length. Bulls (male elephants) can weigh up to six tons (5,400 kg) and stand as high as 3.3 metres (10.8 feet) at the shoulder. Woolly mammoths were largely extinct by about 10,000 years ago, due to the pressures of a warming climate (which reduced the habitat of these cold-adapted mammals) combined with hunting by humans. Another important variation exists only in Asian elephants: the females do not have tusks at all. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. They had thick fur to adapt to cold environments. Its cousin the Steppe mammoth (M. Depending on the species of elephant, they can weigh anywhere from two to 8 tons, while the blue whale weighs over 100 tons on average. A variety of distinct species are included in the genus Mammuthus. Photo: courtesy of TEDxDeExtinction, Pingback: Verdadero o falso? The size of prehistoric animals can be difficult to comprehend: 50 tons here, 50 feet there, and pretty soon you're talking about a creature that's as much bigger than an elephant as an elephant is bigger than a house cat. Mammoths had larger foreheads than either elephant species, and it was more pronouncedly dome-shaped. A woolly mammoth is about twice the size of an elephant! As intimidating as it was, though, Deinosuchus would have been no match for the slightly earlier Sarcosuchus, aka the SuperCroc; this African crocodile tipped the scales at a whopping 15 tons! Watch all 25 talks from TEDxDeExtinction here , Hendrick Poinar shares how his team is sequencing the woolly mammoth genome. Tyrannosaurus Rex gets all the press, but the fact is that Spinosaurus was the more impressive dinosaur--not only in terms of its size (50 feet long and eight or nine tons, compared to 40 feet and six or seven tons for T. Rex) but also its appearance (that sail was a pretty cool accessory). Pingback: 15 Facts Youll Want To Tell All Your Friends | SaltyPepper, Pingback: Andrea Gabriel | 10 Fascinating Facts About Woolly Mammoths, Pingback: Woolly mammoths are not as old as you think! There were multiple mammoth species, but the famous woolly mammoth is the baby of the bunch, emerging . Would the range increase or decrease during pregnancy? Smith wonders. I remember him coming into my office for the first time and saying that he wanted to use strontium isotopes in fish ear bones to track their movement, Wooller recalls. 25 Random Facts List #14 - KickassFacts.com, Science Saturdays: Mammoth Facts | captain overpants, Texel fossil woolly rhinoceros discovery | Dear Kitty. Also known as: Mammuthus primigenius, Northern mammoth, Siberian mammoth. 2017, www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/03/the-resurrected-woolly-mammoth/519129/. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. The lump probably worked like a camel hump, storing fat for when food sources were scarce. The average elephant weigh about 10 times more than the average woolly mammoth. Columbian mammoths wielded tusks as long as 16 feet, while the record-length tusk for the African elephant, which grows bigger ones than its Asian cousin, was 11-feet, 7-inches long. Enter your email in the box below to get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day. This structure is lacking in fossil remains, but evidence for its presence comes from cave paintings. Titanotylopus, compared to a full-grown human being (Sameer Prehistorica). Indricotherium, compared to an African elephant and a full-sized human being. Read health related articles, quotes & topics! The male Columbian mammoth was generally larger than the female. Until then, the comings and goings of these ancient lives are wrapped up in tooth and bone, waiting to have their stories told. How Big Were Prehistoric Animals? Woolly mammoths had tiny ears to help prevent frostbite. A male woolly mammoths shoulder height was 9 to 11 feet tall and weighed around 6 tons. That hypothesis dovetails with the fact that the very last mammoths, which lived on Wrangel Island in the Arctic Circle, were inbred and underwent a genetic meltdown prior to their extinction. The woolly mammoth was herbivorous, consuming the stems and leaves of tundra plants and shrubs. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/animal/mammoth-extinct-mammal, University of California Museum of Paleontology - About Mammoths. It would take a lot of food to keep a mammoth happy! Many mammoths had a woolly, yellowish brown undercoat about 2.5 cm (1 inch) thick beneath a coarser outer covering of dark brown hair up to 50 cm (20 inches) long. Corrections? Ethan Shaw is an independent naturalist and freelance outdoors/nature writer based in Oregon. Both animals are close cousins. Would the range increase in times of environmental stress? Mastodons only had one set of teeth, and there's no evidence that they wore down like mammoth teeth. They both have/had a distinctly domed forehead while African elephant foreheads slope straight downward into the trunk. Sequencing an extinct genome is no longer a pipe dream, says evolutionary biologist and ancient DNA specialist Hendrik Poinar in todays talk. Theres evidence of a group of woolly mammoths surviving until 1650 BC. Riley Black Woolly mammoths were particularly fond of riverine environments, similar to elephants today. Another significant distinguishing feature between the mammoth and the mastodon was their teeth. The biggest terrestrial mammal that ever lived, Indricotherium (also known as Paraceratherium) measured about 40 feet from head to tail and weighed in the vicinity of 15 to 20 tons--which put this Oligocene ungulate in the same weight class as the titanosaur dinosaurs that vanished off the face of the earth 50 million years before. In the space of his lifetime, one single mammoth who trundled through the ancient Arctic traveled so persistently that his accumulated mileage would have been enough to circumnavigate the planettwice. Keep reading as we break down all the key differences between a woolly mammoth vs elephant. In addition to shrubs and grasses, they also grazed trees, mosses and twigs. Most mammoths were about as large as modern elephants. Scientists have attributed it to climate change and over-hunting. Mammoths and elephants are two groups of long-trunked, big-tusked and typically enormous herbivores that both enjoy a long and storied relationship with human beings. woolly mammoth mammoth, (genus Mammuthus ), any member of an extinct group of elephants found as fossils in Pleistocene deposits over every continent except Australia and South America and in early Holocene deposits of North America. Argentinosaurus, compared to a full-grown human being. Mammoths were adapted to an ice-age climate and they died out as their habitat dwindled as the world warmed. Modern elephants have impressive tusks, but theyre not nearly as long. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder . Well-preserved baby mammoth remains have helped uncover a lot about the extinct species. Woolly Mammoth. Woolly mammoths and Colombian mammoths would interbreed. Mammoths were much more heavily built and while in height and length they were smaller, they were wider and heavier than T.Rex. They had a yellowish brown undercoat about 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) thick beneath a coarser outer covering of dark brown hair that grew more than 70 cm (27.5 inches) long in some individuals. Mammoths had thick, wooly coats while elephants do not. Elephants, and many other species, are at a similar risk of extinction today from the same problems: a warming climate and too much pressure from humans. This finding tracks with the identification of the mammoth as a male. - The Illuminati | NWO | New World Order. The prominent tusks were directed downward and were very long; in older males they sometimes curved over each other. A BBC News story covering the research reported that. Columbian mammoths wielded tusks as long as 16 feet, while the record-length tusk for the African elephant, which grows bigger ones than its Asian cousin, was 11-feet, 7-inches long. Learn more about us & read our affiliate disclosure. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Thriving during the Pleistocene ice ages, woolly mammoths died out after much of their habitat was lost as Earths climate warmed in the aftermath of the last ice age. Contrary to common belief, the woolly mammoth was hardly mammoth in size. Here are ten facts about the magnificent woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, to help ignite your imagination. It is likely that mammoths used their tusks in a similar fashion and that their behavior was similar. They diverged into different species as they tried to adapt to a changing environment. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Waterfall source: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=qBbObmLEVj8&feature=youtu.beThe total time it took to make this video.-5 hours for researching.-4 hours to ar. Asian elephants have only one. Males reached shoulder heights between 2.7 and 3.4 m (8.9 and 11.2 ft) and weighed up to 6 metric tons (6.6 short tons). Granted, you probably already have a sense of how big Brachiosaurus was from repeated viewings of Jurassic Park. "Because it is so weird!" says MacPhee. Mammoths were also larger than elephants which would have forced them to travel over a larger range to find enough food. The biggest African bush elephants may stand roughly as tall as did the titanic Columbian mammoth of North America, some 13 feet at the shoulder, but the largest mammoths probably generally outweighed elephants because of thicker leg bones, but there are prehistoric examples of insular dwarfism in both elephants and mammoths. Mammoths were heavier than elephants, with much longer tusks. The name mastodon literally means "nipple tooth". Thanks to the way they grow, tusks create records of an individual mammoths life, with the younger years of the mammoths life preserved at the tip and the adult years at the base. Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. 10 Facts About Sarcosuchus, the World's Biggest Crocodile, 10 Facts About Deinocheirus, the "Terrible Hand" Dinosaur. Its all about being built for survival. Though males elephants sometimes fight to determine dominance, breeding rights, and territory they are generally peaceful creatures. Woolly mammoths stood about 3 to 3.7 metres (about 10 to 12 feet) tall and weighed between 5,500 and 7,300 kg (between about 6 and 8 tons). Mammoths: Ice-Age Giants; Larry D. Agenbroad, Lisa W. Nelson. The resulting map covers a significant swath of ancient Alaska and northwestern Canada. A male woolly mammoth's shoulder height was 9 to 11 feet tall and weighed around 6 tons. males reached heights of up to 4 m (13 ft) at the shoulder, while females reached 3 m (9.8 ft). About 6 million years African elephants became a distinct species. But the story is greater than that of the individual mammoth. Modern elephants and woolly mammoths have similar origins. Woolly mammoth definition, a shaggy-coated mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, that lived in cold regions across Eurasia and North America during the Ice Age, known from fossils, cave paintings, and well-preserved frozen carcasses. Woolly mammoths were 9-11 feet tall when fully grown and weighed 4-6 tons. Elephants are the largest land animals still alive today. If youve ever seen an elephant, you know that they have very thin layers of short, coarse hairit may even look like they dont have fur at all. Its possible that the mammoth in the study may have even seen some of the continents earliest human inhabitants, as his route took him by some of the Arctics early archaeological sites. Read on to learn all about the woolly mammoth vs elephant. Mastodons are an extinct group of mammal species related to elephants that inhabited North and Central America during the late Miocene or late Pliocene up to their extinction at the end of the Pleistocene 12,000 years ago. However, they look very different and have unique histories. Of the three families in this order, Asian Elephants, African Elephants, and Mammoths, only the elephant family is still alive today. So, why do we, humans, have such a fascination with woolly mammoths? In mammoths and African elephants, both sexes carry tusks. Privacy Statement (Read scientistst. Mastodons had cone-shaped cusps on their molars, similar to those of a pig. The best (and easiest!) These remains and fossils of teeth have allowed scientists to collect and sequence woolly mammoth DNA. Eritherium is the most primitive elephant ancestor known to scientists. Will cloning bring the woolly mammoth back to life? Woolly mammoths were probably about the size of African elephants, around 13 feet tall. Theywere alive around 300,000 years ago. Titanoboa, compared to a full-grown human being (Sameer Prehistorica). Both the mammoth and the mastodon had a social structure similar to each other and to that of modern-day elephants. Some of them even had double coats to keep them warm through harsh winters. Mammoths were heavier than elephants, with much longer tusks. Forest elephants thrive in the shaded forest of West and Central Africa. Elephant: What's the Difference? The ancestors of modern elephants and mammoths went their separate ways about 5 million years ago, and mastodons branched off even earlier, about 25 million years ago. The woolly mammoth has been mostly extinct for 10,000 years, with the final vestigial populations surviving until about 4,000 years ago. Mammoths are "young" by comparison, having emerged a mere 5.1 million years ago in Africa. At five to eight tons, and only 2.3 to 2.8 meters at the shoulder, mastodons weighed less and were shorter. In 2008, much of the woolly mammoth's chromosomal DNA was mapped. The small size was an evolutionary survival tactic. How big did mammoths grow? The CD44 gene is expressed in multiple tissues including the central nervous system, lung, epidermis . Size of various mammoth species compared with a human. It was alive during the Paleocene epoch in an area thats now Morocco. Mammoths were well adapted to their environment during the last ice age. Also similar to the modern-day elephant, mammoths had developed six sets of enamel plates as teeth in their lifetime. 23 However, analysis with GROM-RD and visual inspection with IGV 15 did not reveal any copy number change relative to elephants in the corresponding genome regions of woolly mammoths. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In conclusion, the Wooly Mammoth was significantly larger than the Elephant. The Siberian Mammoth had the genetic adaptations necessary for living in freezing temperatures. Mammoths were heavier, weighing between 5.4 to 13 tons, with an adult height between 2.5 to four meters at the shoulder. Hatzegopteryx, compared to a full-grown human being. The woolly mammoth was roughly the same size as modern African elephants. Mammoths and Asian elephants also have more distinctive foreheads. The prehistoric snake Titanoboa made up for its relative lack of heft (it only weighed about a ton) with its impressive length--fully grown adults stretched 50 feet from head to tail. How Do Crocodiles Resemble Their Dinosaur Cousins? The biggest woolly mammoths could reach up to 10 feet tall at the shoulder and weigh up to 8 tons! Elephant tusks today tend to be between 3-10 ft long, with around 6 ft being average. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. In comparison, the longest ever elephant tusks were 11 feet and 7 inches in length. It's a common myth that sauropods were the only dinosaurs to reach double-digit tonnage, but the fact is that some hadrosaurs, or duck-billed dinosaurs, were almost as massive. Amazingly, woolly mammoths werent much larger than elephants as we know them today. Giraffatitan, posed next to a full-grown human being (Sameer Prehistorica). Haynes, Gary., et al. They often suffer from spinal injuries, blisters, and infections. Insular dwarfism includes cases of island-bound populations of the elephantids became progressively smaller across generations because of limited space and resources. Among Asian elephants, only the bulls typically grow them. Woolly mammoths and elephants are related. But after his sixteenth birthday, something changed for the mammoth. Around 100,000 years ago, North America was home to two types of mammoths. Mammoths and modern elephants overlap significantly in body mass. What is a Woolly Mammoth? Proboscideans are an order of afrotherian mammals that includes elephants and extinct relatives. This progression included an . Although performances involving animals are dying out, its important never to go to a show where any animal is performing tricks to entertain a crowd. Shantungosaurus, compared to a full-grown human being (Sameer Prehistorica). Research has swung back and forth on the issue of which modern elephant is more closely related to mammoths, although much evidence suggests it is the Asian lineage. Proboscideans include an order of afrotherian mammals. Woollys are a quintessential image of the Ice Age We seem to have a deep connection with them as we do with elephants, says Poinar in this sci-fi worthy talk.

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